Which type of synovial joint allows for flexion and extension?

The type of synovial joint that allows for flexion and extension is the hinge joint. This joint operates much like the hinges on a door, enabling movement primarily in one plane. Hinge joints have a concave surface that fits into a convex surface, allowing for a straightforward back-and-forth motion. This design is exemplified in joints such as the elbow and the knee, where bending (flexion) and straightening (extension) movements occur.

Other joint types, while specialized for different movements, do not primarily facilitate flexion and extension. For example, pivot joints allow for rotational movement, ellipsoidal joints enable movement in two planes including flexion/extension, but also additional movements like abduction and adduction, and saddle joints allow for wider ranges of motion in two directions, but still do not replicate the simple back-and-forth movement characteristic of hinge joints. Hence, hinge joints stand out for their specific role in flexion and extension.