Which tissue is most often responsible for limiting range of motion (ROM)?

Muscles and their tendons are the primary tissues responsible for limiting range of motion (ROM) due to their inherent characteristics. When a muscle contracts, it shortens, which can restrict movement in adjacent joints. The length and elasticity of the muscle and its tendons determine how far a joint can move. For instance, tight or inflexible muscles can significantly hinder the ability to attain full range of motion. Additionally, tendons connect muscles to bones and play a crucial role in facilitating movement while also contributing to the limits of stretch based on their length and flexibility.

While fat tissue can contribute to limits in ROM by physically obstructing movement, its primary function is not to actively restrict movement like muscles do. Bony structures also impose physical limits to movement, but their role is more about defining the endpoints of joint motion rather than actively limiting ROM during the muscle's contraction. Neural tissue is involved in signaling and coordination of movement but does not directly influence the physical range of motion on its own.

In summary, muscles and their tendons actively control and limit movements, making them the most significant factor in determining the range of motion.