Which part of a long bone is responsible for the production of bone tissue?

The correct answer focuses on osteoblasts, which are specialized cells critical for the formation of new bone tissue. Osteoblasts play a significant role in the mineralization of bone and the deposition of bone matrix. They synthesize and secrete proteins, such as collagen, that are essential for bone formation.

While the other choices relate to different aspects of bone structure and function, they do not specifically engage in the production of bone tissue. The medullary cavity is primarily a space within the shaft of long bones that contains bone marrow, which is involved in blood cell production. The periosteum is a dense layer of connective tissue that surrounds the outer surface of the bone but does not produce bone tissue itself. The endosteum lines the inner surface of the bone and plays a role in bone remodeling and growth but does not directly produce bone tissue as osteoblasts do.

Thus, the role of osteoblasts is foundational in the context of bone tissue production, highlighting their importance in the overall health and maintenance of bone structure.