Which of the following terms describes the outer layer of the bone?

The outer layer of the bone is referred to as the periosteum. This is a dense, irregular connective tissue layer that surrounds the bone, providing a protective covering and serving as an attachment site for tendons and ligaments. It plays a crucial role in bone health and repair, as it contains blood vessels and nerves that nourish the bone and facilitate the healing process in case of injury.

Other terms related to bone anatomy describe different structures. The epiphysis is the end part of a long bone, which articulates with adjacent bones at joints. The diaphysis is the long, tubular shaft of the bone, primarily composed of compact bone. Articular cartilage is the smooth tissue that covers the ends of bones where they come together to form joints, providing a cushion and reducing friction during movement. Each of these components contributes to bone function and overall joint health, but the periosteum specifically is the term that denotes the outer layer of the bone.