Which of the following conditions has a genetic component?

The condition that has a well-documented genetic component among the listed options is substance abuse. Research indicates that genetics can play a significant role in an individual's susceptibility to developing substance use disorders. Genetic factors can influence how the brain's reward system responds to different substances, which may affect a person's risk of addiction.

While diabetes, hypertension, and asthma also have genetic influences, they can also be highly affected by environmental factors and lifestyle choices. Diabetes, particularly type 2, is influenced by lifestyle factors such as diet and exercise, alongside genetics. Hypertension often has multifactorial causes, including diet, physical activity, and stress levels, though genetics does contribute to predisposition. Asthma can be influenced by both genetic factors and environmental triggers like allergens and pollution.

Focusing on substance abuse highlights the interaction of various biological and genetic factors that can increase the likelihood of addiction, making it distinct in this context.