Which layer lies directly above the pia mater in the meninges?

The layer that lies directly above the pia mater in the meninges is the arachnoid mater. The meninges are composed of three layers of protective tissue surrounding the brain and spinal cord: the dura mater (outermost layer), the arachnoid mater (middle layer), and the pia mater (innermost layer).

The arachnoid mater acts as a cushioning layer and contains the subarachnoid space, which is filled with cerebrospinal fluid that helps protect the brain and spinal cord from injury. Its location directly above the pia mater means it closely envelops the central nervous system structures while being separated from the pia mater by the space filled with the cerebrospinal fluid. Understanding this anatomical relationship is crucial for anyone studying neuroanatomy or athletic training, as it underlines the protective layers surrounding the sensitive neural tissue.