Which joint type primarily allows for flexion and extension?

The hinge joint is specifically structured to allow for flexion and extension, which are movements characterized by decreasing and increasing the angle between two body parts. This type of joint operates similarly to a door hinge, enabling movement primarily in one plane. The anatomical design features surfaces that fit together at an angle, allowing for smooth movement in one direction while restricting movement in others.

For example, the elbow and knee joints are classic examples of hinge joints. When the arm bends at the elbow or the leg flexes at the knee, the motion follows the flexion and extension patterns facilitated by this joint type. The limitation to one primary direction of movement makes hinge joints crucial in providing stability and functional power during various activities, such as running or lifting. In contrast, ball and socket joints allow a wider range of movement, including rotation; pivot joints enable rotational movement; and gliding joints allow small sliding motions, demonstrating how their structural characteristics cater to different types of movement.