Which joint type permits rotation about an axis?

The pivot joint is specifically designed to allow for rotational movement around a single axis. This type of joint features one bone with a rounded end that fits into a ring-like structure formed by another bone and surrounding ligament. This unique structure facilitates rotation, such as when moving the head side to side or when the radius and ulna bones in the forearm twist around each other.

In contrast, the hinge joint primarily allows for flexion and extension movements without rotation, making it suitable for actions like bending the elbow or knee. The ball and socket joint, while allowing a broad range of motion including rotation, has a much different biomechanical structure that enables movement in multiple directions. Amphiarthrotic joints, on the other hand, are slightly movable joints which provide stability and support but do not allow for significant rotational movements. Therefore, the pivot joint stands out as the joint type specifically dedicated to enabling rotation about an axis.