Which electrical stimulation current is known to cause physiochemical changes in tissue?

Low-voltage direct current is known for its ability to cause physiochemical changes in tissue. This type of electrical stimulation involves a constant flow of electrical current in one direction, which can alter the ion concentration and tissue chemistry, promoting healing and tissue regeneration. The direct application of low-voltage current can facilitate processes such as iontophoresis, where medication can be delivered through the skin, or assist in reducing inflammation by promoting cellular activity within the tissues.

In contrast, other options like high-voltage pulsed current, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), and alternating current have different mechanisms of action. High-voltage pulsed current is primarily used for its analgesic and muscle stimulation effects rather than direct tissue changes. TENS is primarily focused on pain relief and works on the principle of gate control theory, rather than inducing chemical changes in tissues. Alternating current, while effective for muscle stimulation and pain modulation, does not create the sustained physiochemical changes seen with direct current.