Which condition is associated with the buildup of fluid in the alveolar walls at high altitudes?

The condition associated with the buildup of fluid in the alveolar walls at high altitudes is pulmonary edema. This occurs primarily due to the high altitude environment, where lower atmospheric pressure reduces the amount of available oxygen, potentially leading to increased pulmonary capillary pressure and causing fluid to leak into the alveoli.

In contrast to other conditions listed, pulmonary edema specifically pertains to the physiological changes that occur in the lungs at significant heights. Acute mountain sickness generally refers to a range of symptoms that occur due to rapid ascent to high altitudes, such as headaches and nausea but does not focus specifically on fluid buildup in the lungs. Heat stroke is related to excessive heat and often involves a breakdown of the body's thermoregulation, while carbon monoxide poisoning results from exposure to an insufficient oxygen environment mainly due to incomplete combustion of fossil fuels and is not directly related to altitude changes or fluid accumulation in lung tissue.