Which component of a neuron transmits impulses away from the cell body?

The axon is the component of a neuron responsible for transmitting impulses away from the cell body. This elongated structure extends from the neuron's cell body and conducts electrical impulses known as action potentials to other neurons, muscles, or glands. The axon is critical for communication within the nervous system, allowing signals to travel efficiently and rapidly over distances.

Dendrites, on the other hand, serve as the receptive branches of a neuron, receiving incoming signals from other neurons and bringing them toward the cell body. The neurilemma, which is a protective sheath surrounding some axons, plays a role in the regeneration of nerves but does not transmit impulses itself. A synapse is the junction where communication occurs between two neurons, but it does not carry impulses away from the cell body like the axon does. Therefore, the axon is clearly identified as the structure that facilitates the outgoing transmission of impulses in the neuronal communication process.