What should be done to begin treatment for an athlete with known diabetes mellitus who has a hypoglycemic reaction during an athletic event?

For an athlete experiencing a hypoglycemic reaction, immediate intervention is crucial to raise blood sugar levels safely and effectively. Providing the athlete with 4 ounces of juice or soda is beneficial because these beverages contain quick-acting carbohydrates that can help elevate blood glucose levels within a short time frame.

Reassessing the athlete after 15 minutes is important to ensure that their condition is improving. If their blood sugar does not stabilize or if symptoms persist, further intervention may be needed. This approach is a standard protocol for managing hypoglycemia because it allows for a quick source of glucose while monitoring the athlete's response.

Administering insulin immediately would be inappropriate during a hypoglycemic episode, as it would further decrease blood sugar levels. Similarly, giving a high-protein snack would not address the immediate need for fast-acting carbohydrates, as protein does not raise blood glucose quickly. Calling for emergency medical assistance may be necessary if the athlete does not respond to treatment, but the initial response should focus on quickly correcting the hypoglycemic state.