What role do antibodies play in the humoral immune response?

Antibodies play a crucial role in the humoral immune response by directly targeting and destroying pathogens, such as bacteria and viruses. When an antigen, which is a substance that the immune system recognizes as foreign, enters the body, B cells (a type of white blood cell) are activated to produce antibodies specific to that antigen. These antibodies bind to the pathogen, neutralizing its harmful effects and often marking it for destruction by other immune cells. This process is essential for controlling infections and preventing the spread of disease within the body.

The other options listed do not accurately describe the function of antibodies in the immune response. Antibodies do not facilitate cell growth, enhance blood flow, or regulate temperature; their primary and distinguishing function is the identification and elimination of pathogens.