What principle of ethical decision-making emphasizes benefiting oneself the most?

The principle of ethical egoism emphasizes benefiting oneself as the highest priority in the decision-making process. This ethical perspective asserts that individuals should act according to what is in their own self-interest. It suggests that the morally right action is one that maximizes benefits for oneself, even if it does not necessarily consider the welfare of others.

In the context of ethical decision-making, ethical egoism advocates for actions that one believes will lead to their greatest personal advantage, and it is distinguished by its focus on individual benefit rather than collective well-being or adherence to universal rules. This principle can sometimes generate controversy, as it may appear to prioritize personal gain over the interests of others. However, proponents argue that by individuals pursuing their own interests, it can lead to broader benefits for society in general.

The other principles—such as utilitarianism, which focuses on the greatest good for the greatest number; formalism, which emphasizes duty and adherence to rules; and altruism, which prioritizes the needs and rights of others—are fundamentally different as they do not center on self-benefit as the primary ethical consideration.