What occurs during convective heat exchange?

Convective heat exchange refers to the transfer of heat between the body and the surrounding medium, which can be either air or water. During this process, heat is lost or gained depending on the temperature difference between the body and the surrounding environment. When the surrounding medium is cooler than the body, heat will flow from the body to the medium, leading to a cooling effect. Conversely, if the surrounding medium is warmer, heat can be absorbed by the body, contributing to an increase in body temperature. This phenomenon is heavily influenced by factors such as air speed, humidity, and the specific heat of the surrounding medium, making it an essential concept in understanding thermal regulation in athletic training and performance.

The other options do not accurately describe convective heat exchange. Active absorption of heat from sunlight pertains to radiant heat exchange, while humidity levels primarily affect evaporative cooling rather than convective exchanges. Cooling from direct contact with cold surfaces relates more specifically to conductive heat transfer rather than convective processes.