What is the primary risk factor for developing lateral epicondylitis?

The primary risk factor for developing lateral epicondylitis, commonly known as tennis elbow, is repetitive wrist extension activities. This condition arises from the inflammation of the tendons that attach to the lateral epicondyle of the elbow, typically due to excessive strain from repetitive movements involving wrist extension.

Engaging in activities that involve frequent or forceful gripping, coupled with continual wrist extension—such as playing tennis, using hand tools, or performing tasks that involve repeated wrist motions—can lead to microtrauma in the tendons. Over time, this microtrauma accumulates, resulting in pain and discomfort at the elbow.

Other options, while potentially contributing to elbow discomfort, do not specifically target the mechanism of injury that is characteristic of lateral epicondylitis. Sudden arm movements may cause acute injuries rather than the chronic condition associated with this disorder, lifting heavy objects tends to stress the lower back and shoulder areas more than the elbow, and overuse of flexor muscles is not directly linked to the issues seen with the extensors at the elbow joint. Thus, repetitive wrist extension is notably the primary risk factor for this condition.