What is the main feature of a hammer toe?

A hammer toe is primarily characterized by a specific deformity in the toe that results in a position where the middle joint (the proximal interphalangeal joint, PIP) is flexed, and the end joint (the distal interphalangeal joint, DIP) is extended. This creates a distinctive shape that resembles a hammer, hence the name.

The clinical presentation of a hammer toe typically involves the affected toe being bent at the middle joint while the tip of the toe points downwards, which can lead to discomfort and difficulty in wearing shoes. This condition often arises due to an imbalance in the muscles or tendons that control the movement of the toe.

Understanding this feature is crucial for diagnosing and treating hammer toe, as it guides the development of appropriate interventions, such as exercises to strengthen the muscles, the use of orthotics, or in more severe cases, surgical correction.