What is a potential side effect of acetaminophen?

Acetaminophen is widely used for pain relief and fever reduction, but it carries certain risks, particularly concerning liver health. Prolonged use or excessive doses can lead to hepatotoxicity, resulting in liver damage. This is primarily due to the way acetaminophen is metabolized; when taken in high amounts, it can deplete the body's glutathione levels, which are necessary to neutralize harmful byproducts of its metabolism. As a consequence, potentially toxic metabolites accumulate, causing cellular damage and, in severe cases, acute liver failure.

While gastrointestinal distress can be associated with some over-the-counter pain relievers, such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), it is not a common side effect of acetaminophen. Anxiety relief and increased heart rate are also not recognized effects of acetaminophen and may be incorrectly attributed to it. Understanding these side effects is crucial for the safe and effective use of acetaminophen in managing pain.