What does an increase in specific gravity indicate in kidney function?

An increase in specific gravity of urine typically indicates dehydration. Specific gravity measures the concentration of solutes in urine, and when a person is dehydrated, the body conserves water, leading to more concentrated urine. This results in a higher specific gravity, signaling that the kidneys are concentrating urine due to a lack of adequate fluid intake.

In situations of high fluid intake or low urine output, one would expect a lower specific gravity due to dilution, not an increase. While potential kidney failure could also affect specific gravity, it typically presents more complex indicators, and the most straightforward explanation for increased specific gravity is dehydration. This understanding is crucial in assessing hydration status and kidney function effectively.