What do melanocytes primarily produce?

Melanocytes are specialized cells located in the skin that primarily produce melanin, the pigment responsible for the color of skin, hair, and eyes. Melanin plays a crucial role in protecting the skin from the harmful effects of solar radiation. By absorbing UV light, melanin helps to minimize DNA damage that can lead to skin cancer and other skin-related issues. This protective function is particularly important for maintaining skin health, especially in individuals with lighter skin tones who may be more susceptible to sun damage.

The other options refer to substances that serve different functions within the body. Keratin is produced by keratinocytes and provides structural strength to the skin, hair, and nails. Collagen, produced primarily by fibroblasts, is essential for maintaining the skin's elasticity and structural integrity. Hemoglobin is a protein found in red blood cells that is responsible for transporting oxygen throughout the body, unrelated to the protective functions of the skin. Each of these substances plays a significant role in the body, but it is melanin produced by melanocytes that is directly involved in protecting against solar radiation.