What covers the ends of bones and provides protection during movement?

Articular cartilage is a type of smooth, white tissue that covers the ends of bones, especially in joints. This cartilage serves several vital functions in the musculoskeletal system. It reduces friction between the articular surfaces of bones during movement, allowing for smoother and more efficient joint function. By acting as a cushion, articular cartilage helps to absorb shock and provides a protective surface that reduces the risk of injury to the underlying bone during physical activities. Its resilience and flexibility are crucial for maintaining joint health and facilitating a full range of motion.

Although periosteum plays a significant role in bone health and serves as an attachment site for muscles and tendons, it does not directly cover the ends of bones where they interact with other bones in joints. The diaphysis refers to the long shaft of a bone and does not play a role in covering ends or facilitating joint movement. The epiphysis, while it refers to the end part of a long bone, does not specifically describe the protective tissue that directly covers the articular surfaces. Hence, articular cartilage is the correct answer, as it is specifically designed for protection and functionality at the ends of bones during movement.