What covers the articular surface of the epiphysis?

The correct choice is hyaline cartilage, which covers the articular surface of the epiphysis. This specialized type of cartilage provides a smooth, low-friction surface that enables easy movement of joints. It plays a crucial role in articulating bones, absorbing shock, and distributing loads across the joint during activities like walking, running, or jumping.

Hyaline cartilage also helps in reducing the risk of damage to the underlying bone during movement. Its composition allows for flexibility and resilience, which are essential for the stresses placed on joints during physical activities. This is why it is specifically found at the ends of long bones where they meet to form joints, ensuring that motion occurs smoothly and efficiently.

In contrast, fibrous tissue typically connects bones or provides support, compact bone is the dense outer layer of bone that gives strength to the skeletal system, and vascular tissue, which refers to blood vessels, does not play a direct role in joint articulation. Understanding the specific function of hyaline cartilage is fundamental in the field of athletic training, as it is important for maintaining joint health and function in athletes.