What condition is characterized by the nucleus migrating and coming in contact with a nerve root?

The condition characterized by the nucleus migrating and coming in contact with a nerve root is known as an extruded hernia. In an extruded hernia, the nucleus pulposus, which is the inner gel-like substance of an intervertebral disc, breaches through the outer annulus fibrosus layer but remains contained within the outer layers of the disc. This migration can create pressure on nearby nerve roots, potentially leading to pain, numbness, or weakness depending on the nerves affected.

In contrast, a prolapsed hernia typically describes a more general term for a disc herniation where the nucleus may bulge but is not necessarily coming into contact with nerve roots. A sequestrated hernia refers to a specific condition where a fragment of the nucleus has become free-floating within the spinal canal and can cause significant complications. A bulging disk involves a disc that has extended beyond its normal boundaries but does not specifically imply that the nucleus is directly contacting the nerve roots. Understanding these distinctions is essential in diagnosing and managing spinal conditions effectively.