What characterizes an eccentric contraction?

An eccentric contraction is characterized by the scenario in which resistance exceeds the force generated by the muscle, causing the muscle to lengthen while it is actively contracting. During this type of contraction, although the muscle is attempting to shorten, it cannot overcome the load, resulting in a controlled lengthening. This is commonly seen during movements where the muscle is gradually lowering a weight or a load as opposed to lifting it.

Eccentric contractions play a crucial role in various physical activities and are integral to movements such as lowering weights or descending stairs. They are essential for deceleration and helping to absorb impact forces. This is why option C accurately describes the mechanics of an eccentric contraction.