What bones make up the vertebral column and skull?

The vertebral column and skull are primarily composed of irregular bones, which are defined by their complex shapes that do not fit into the traditional classifications of bones such as long, short, or flat. Irregular bones serve specific functions and provide considerable structural support and protection for the central nervous system.

In the case of the vertebral column, each vertebra is uniquely shaped to allow for spinal flexibility and stability while also protecting the spinal cord. The skull, consisting of various bones such as the occipital, temporal, and sphenoid, has a complex arrangement that creates a protective cavity for the brain and supports facial structure.

Both the vertebral column and the skull's inherent complexity and varied shapes clearly classify them as irregular bones, making this choice the correct answer.