What are unexpected and intense episodes of fear also known as?

The correct answer is panic attacks, which are characterized by sudden and intense episodes of fear or discomfort that often peak within minutes. During a panic attack, an individual may experience a range of physical symptoms such as heart palpitations, shortness of breath, dizziness, or a feeling of impending doom. These episodes can occur unexpectedly and may happen even in seemingly calm situations.

Panic attacks are distinct from phobias, which involve a strong, irrational fear of specific objects or situations that leads to avoidance behavior. Obsessive-compulsive episodes involve persistent, intrusive thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive behaviors (compulsions) aimed at reducing anxiety, which is different from the sudden onset of fear seen in panic attacks. Agoraphobia is the fear of being in situations where escape might be difficult or help unavailable in the event of a panic attack, but it pertains to the avoidance of these situations rather than the experience of fear itself.

Understanding panic attacks is essential, as they can significantly impact an individual's mental health and quality of life, requiring appropriate strategies for management and treatment.