Pneumonia primarily infects which parts of the respiratory system?

Pneumonia primarily infects the alveoli and bronchioles in the lungs. The alveoli are the microscopic air sacs where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs, making them a critical site for respiratory function. When pneumonia develops, the alveoli become inflamed and filled with fluid or pus, which hinders gas exchange and leads to the typical symptoms of the illness, such as coughing, difficulty breathing, and fever.

The bronchioles are the smaller branches of the bronchi that lead to the alveoli, and they also can become inflamed in pneumonia, further obstructing airflow and leading to increased respiratory distress. Thus, understanding the anatomy of the respiratory system and the specific locations affected by pneumonia is essential for recognizing and treating the condition effectively.